Author: rungta_hospital

डॉक्टर के पर्चे का मतलब: दवा के पर्चे में कोड और डॉक्टर की लिखावट को समझें

Book An Appointment ज़ब आपकी बॉडी मे कोई प्रॉब्लम आती है तो आप डॉक्टर के पास जाते हो और डॉक्टर आपकी बीमारी के इलाज के लिए एक पर्ची पर दवाई का नाम, खुराक (Dosage), लेने का समय जाँच और कुछ निर्देश लिखता है उसे हीं डॉक्टर का पर्चा कहा जाता है । लेकिन आम लोग मेडिकल क़ी भाषा क़ी समझ कम रखते है, तो डॉक्टर क़ी लिखावट समझ नहीं पाते है और उसमे लिखें कोड क़ी पहचान करना मुश्किल कार्य है। इस ब्लॉग में हम हिंदी और अंग्रेजी में डॉक्टर के पर्चे का मतलब, दवा के पर्चे में चालिस आम कोड और उनके मतलब और डॉक्टर की लिखावट को समझने के तरीके बताएंगे। डॉक्टर के पर्चे में क्या – क्या लिखा होता है? डॉक्टर का पर्चा जिसे एक ऐसा दस्तावेज कह सकते हैं जिसमें डॉक्टर मरीज को दवाइयाँ, उनकी मात्रा, लेने का समय और इलाज से संबंधित अन्य निर्देश देते हैं। यह चिकित्सक को दवा देने और मरीज को सही इलाज देने में मदद करता है। पर्चे में अक्सर निम्नलिखित विवरण शामिल होते हैं: मरीज का नाम और उम्र (Patient’s Name and Age),  दवा का नाम (Medicine Name) दवा लेने का समय ((Dosage, जैसे 1 टैबलेट दिन में दो बार)  इलाज की अवधि (Duration, जैसे 5 दिन तक) डॉक्टर की लिखावट क्यों पढ़ना मुश्किल है? डॉक्टरों को कम समय होने के कारण अक्सर उनकी लिखावट जल्दबाजी में लिखी जाती है। इसके अलावा, मेडिकल शब्द और कोड लैटिन भाषा (Latin Terms) या संक्षिप्त रूपों में लिखे जाते हैं, जो आम लोगों के लिए समझना मुश्किल होता है। आप भी पर्चे को आसानी से समझ सकते हैं अगर आप कुछ आम कोड और उनके मतलब जान जायेंगे।   दवा के पर्चे में क्या कोड लिखे होते हैं? (What are Codes in Medical Prescriptions?) पर्चे में दवा लेने के तरीके, समय, और अन्य निर्देश छोटे-छोटे संक्षेपों (Abbreviations) से दर्शाए गए हैं। ये कोड लैटिन भाषा से लिए गए हैं, जो विश्व भर में मेडिकल क्षेत्र में उपयोग की जाती है। नीचे चार दर्जन सामान्य कोड और उनके हिंदी और अंग्रेजी अर्थ दिखाए गए हैं। 20 आम मेडिकल कोड और उनके अर्थ (40 Common Medical Codes and Their Meanings) कोड हिंदी अर्थ अंग्रेजी अर्थ OD दिन में एक बार Once a Day BD दिन में दो बार Twice a Day TDS दिन में तीन बार Three Times a Day QID दिन में चार बार Four Times a Day HS रात को सोते समय At Bedtime SOS जरूरत पड़ने पर As Needed PO मुँह से By Mouth IV नस में Intravenous IM मांसपेशी में Intramuscular SC त्वचा के नीचे Subcutaneous TAB गोली Tablet CAP कैप्सूल Capsule SYR सिरप Syrup INJ इंजेक्शन Injection       UNG मलहम Ointment       NEB नेबुलाइजर Nebulizer BP रक्तचाप Blood Pressure ECG हृदय की जांच Electrocardiogram CBC पूर्ण रक्त गणना Complete Blood Count डॉक्टर की लिखावट को समझने के लिए टिप्स फार्मासिस्ट से संपर्क करें: फार्मासिस्ट मेडिकल कोड और लिखावट जानते हैं। वे पर्चे को आसानी से समझेंगे। नियमित कोड सीखें: उपरोक्त चालिस कोड सबसे अधिक इस्तेमाल होते हैं, इसलिए इन्हें याद रखें। चिकित्सक से स्पष्ट करें: डॉक्टर से तुरंत पूछें अगर पर्चा समझना कठिन हो। डिजिटल पर्चे का इस्तेमाल करें: आजकल बहुत से डॉक्टर डिजिटल पर्चे देते हैं, जो सरल और स्पष्ट हैं। गूगल पर दवा का नाम खोजें: अगर आप दवा का नाम नहीं जानते तो ऑनलाइन खोज करें। You can read also:- Blood Sugar Level Chart: A Simple Guide to Normal Ranges निष्कर्ष शुरू में डॉक्टर का पर्चा समझना कठिन लग सकता है, लेकिन सामान्य कोड और उनके अर्थ जानने से यह आसान हो जाता है। इस ब्लॉग में दिए गए 20 कोड और टिप्स आपको डॉक्टरों की लिखावट और दवा के पर्चे को समझने में मदद करेंगे। यदि आपको कोई भी संदेह है, तो अपने चिकित्सक या फार्मासिस्ट से संपर्क करें। Related Blogs:

Brain Tumor: Types, Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Treatment

Book An Appointment Introduction A tumor in the brain is one of the most serious and life-threatening conditions that can strike anyone, irrespective of age or background. Different types of brain tumors differ in cause and warning signs, which would help with early diagnosis and a better prognosis. Suspicious headaches, memory loss, or any brain tumor symptoms-there is something to look out for. This particular guide will go into the most common causes of brain tumors and who may be at high risk, with some treatment breakthroughs, as well as the medicines that are currently being used. From diagnosis through recovery, having the correct information makes a significant difference in dealing with this complex condition. What is a Brain Tumor? An abnormal increase in cells anywhere in or about the brain is termed a brain tumor. These tumors may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and their behavior depends on the kind, size, and location in the brain: they can grow slowly, causing no significant trouble for a long while, or act fast to block essential functionalities of the brain. Brain tumors either originate in the brain itself (primary brain tumor) or metastasize from some other parts of the body (secondary brain tumor). Depending on where they form, they can be problems facing movement, memory, vision, speech, or even personality. It is critical to recognize the early symptoms of brain tumors, like frequent headaches, problems with vision, or nausea of unknown origin, to have their diagnosis done early and undergo treatment. What Are the Early Symptoms of a Brain Tumor You Shouldn’t Ignore? Recognizing the first warning signs of a brain tumor might just save a patient’s life. At times, mild symptoms can be written off as an everyday problem—they are mistaken for stress or fatigue. Recognizing these symptoms of a brain tumor may aid in its early diagnosis and quick treatment. Here are some common early signs you should never ignore: Persistent headaches: A headache that either does not go away or increases in intensity over time, especially early in the morning or after the person lies down, can be one of the signs of a brain tumor. Visual or Auditory Changes: Patients with a brain tumor may experience blurred vision, double vision, or partial loss, depending on the location of the tumor. Other patients may complain of tinnitus or hearing loss.  Memory Loss or Confusion: Difficulty concentrating, forgetting names or routines, or feeling mentally foggy can be signs of brain activity disruption caused by a tumor. Seizures: Any sudden seizure or convulsion appears in an adult who has never had one before. That is a serious signal pointing toward something affecting brain function abnormally. Balance Problems and Dizziness: Tumors located in the cerebellum or brainstem may impair coordination, balance, and physical movement. Nausea or Vomiting: Unexplained nausea and vomiting, especially in the morning, can be induced by increased pressure within the brain caused by a growing tumor. Changes in Personality or Behavior: A few rapid changes in mood or attitude could occur with a frontal lobe tumor: irritability and lack of motivation.   You can read also:- Blood Clot in Brain: Types, Reasons & Treatment Why Do Brain Tumors Develop? Common Causes Explained Simply The causes of brain tumors can be quite confusing, mainly because even in most cases, there is no obvious reason behind their development. The medical sciences, however, with their knowledge concerning the factors possibly increasing the risk or directly causing the abnormal growth of cells in the brain, have managed to declare a few. As a way of taking care of your health or that of a dear one, it would benefit you to be informed of the potential causes of brain tumors so that you can keep a lookout and, if possible, take preventive measures.Here are some of the most common and scientifically linked causes of brain tumors: Genetic Mutations: Numerous brain tumors arise after some alteration, mutation, in the genes of some normal brain cells. The changes in DNA may cause the cells to divide without control into a mass of tissue called a tumor. Some of these gene changes may be inherited while others may arise during an individual’s lifetime. Family History and Genetic Conditions: Rare though it may be, a family history of brain tumors or some hereditary syndromes (such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome or neurofibromatosis) may predispose one to a brain tumor. Radiation Exposure: High doses of ionizing radiation, given either as therapy for cancer or owing to nuclear exposure, have been thought to increase the likelihood of developing brain tumors, especially in children.  Age and Sex: Some brain tumors can develop at any age, while others are more common in children; still, more mature age is related to other tumor types, which, in turn, may be found more often in men and others in women.  Weakened Immune System: People with immune system disorders, or those taking immunosuppressive medications, may be more likely to develop certain types of brain tumors, especially in the brain lining. How Is a Brain Tumor Treated? A brain tumor is treated based on many factors, such as its type, size, location, and whether the tumor is benign or malignant; with the patient’s age and general health, and specific symptoms of the brain tumor all playing a role in the development of the treatment program. In collaboration with the patient, once the diagnosis is established, doctors work to decide which treatment and action is most viable and safest for that individual. Here is a brief overview of the typical options for brain tumor treatment:  Surgery: Should it be safe to perform, surgery is usually the first step. This means that they want to remove as much of the tumor as possible without incurring severe damage to the normal functioning brain tissue. A tumor can sometimes be completely removed, while occasionally only a partial removal is performed, followed by further treatment. The surgery also alleviates pressure from the tumor, leading to fewer headaches and seizures.  Radiation

Scalp Psoriasis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Further Insights

Book An Appointment Introduction Scalp psoriasis is a long-term skin disorder that causes patches of red, itchy, and flaky skin on the scalp. If you’re constantly itching your scalp, flaking, or experiencing discomfort around your hairline, you might be having the symptoms of scalp psoriasis. It is important to know what exactly causes psoriasis on the scalp so that you can treat the scalp psoriasis properly and maintain your skin well. The symptoms, treatments for psoriasis, some diet tips for psoriasis, and the relation between skin inflammation and scalp issues are looked at in this guide. So, whether it’s something you have just been diagnosed with or something you’ve been suffering from for some time and want to learn more about treatment options, this article will be your guide to bring clarity and support. What is Scalp Psoriasis and Why Does It Happen? Scalp psoriasis is a chronic immune condition that affects the scalp, producing red, inflamed skin covered with silvery-white scales. It is one of the more frequent types of psoriasis, and the other symptoms usually include itching, flaking, and discomfort on the scalp. The particular scalp psoriasis symptoms may be mild to severe and can sometimes appear beyond the hairline onto the forehead, back of the neck, and behind the ears. Since scalp psoriasis is commonly mistaken for dandruff or some other scalp disorders, it always helps to have an idea of the early signs to seek proper care. The causes of scalp psoriasis are still unknown; however, it appears that it is probably the result of an overactive immune system that speeds up the process of skin cell regeneration. This abnormal cycling of skin causes dead skin cells to pile up and cause visible patches and skin inflammation. Triggers may include genetic predisposition, stress, climate change, and infections. Without an outright cure, that is a consolation: with the right scalp psoriasis treatment-from psoriasis medicine to topical application, a suitable psoriasis diet, the condition can be managed and kept in check. How to Identify the Common Symptoms of Scalp Psoriasis On noticing early symptoms of scalp psoriasis, prompt action can be taken toward healing and relief. If indeed persistent alterations are observed in terms of your scalp health, here are the most common signs to take note of: Persistent Scalp Itching – One of the early signs, an itchy scalp, is so irritating that it may affect one’s comfort level during the day and sleep at night. Red or Inflamed Patches – Areas of inflamed skin are usually raised patches of redness covered with thick, whitish, silvery scales. Flaking Like Dandruff – Unlike dandruff, these flakes accompany dry flakes with red skin underneath. Dry and Cracking – The scalp could feel tight and dry, which may crack and bleed in acute cases. Burning or Soreness – Some individuals feel burning or soreness along with itching of the scalp. Hair Loss – Though not a direct consequence of scalp psoriasis, harsh scratching or treatments do trigger a certain amount of temporary thinning or loss of hair. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options What are the causes of Scalp Psoriasis? The understanding of psoriasis’ underlying causes is important in outbreak management and selection of appropriate treatment options for scalp psoriasis. Although the exact cause of scalp psoriasis is still unclear, it is often accepted to be an autoimmune condition where the body attacks some of the healthy skin cells. Below are some of the most common factors that might ignite or aggravate potential scalp psoriasis symptoms: Genetics – If someone in your family has psoriasis, you’re more likely to develop it too. An Immune System Overreaction – This causes your skin cells to regenerate too quickly, resulting in thick patches, skin inflammation, and scaling. Stress and Anxiety – High stress levels can trigger or even worsen scalp itching and other symptoms. Infections – Strep throat can induce the onset of scalp psoriasis in certain people. Certain Drugs – Medicines such as beta-blockers, antimalarials, and lithium have been associated with triggering psoriasis. Cold-Dry Weather – When temperatures drop, humidity levels follow, leaving the skin in want of moisture, a definite trigger for worsening symptoms of scalp psoriasis. Best Scalp Psoriasis Treatments That Work If flaking, itching, and redness of the scalp are bothering you because of scalp psoriasis, then the wonderful thing to remember is that you have several treatment options available. The right treatment for scalp psoriasis depends on the severity of your condition, but most patients do well with a mix of medical and lifestyle approaches. The treatments would mostly include: Medicated Shampoos and Topical Creams – They are typically the first line of treatment. They often contain salicylic acid, coal tar, and corticosteroids to reduce skin inflammation and scaling. Oral or Injectable Drugs for Psoriasis – Systemic therapy such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, or biologics targeting the immune response may be considered for moderate-to-severe cases. Phototherapy – UVB light therapy slows skin cell growth and reduces inflammation in the scalp. Scalp Oils and Moisturizers – Natural oils, such as coconut oil or aloe vera gel, help with dryness and itchiness of the scalp. Lifestyle Changes and Psoriasis Diet – Stress reduction, trigger avoidance, and following a psoriasis-friendly diet replete with anti-inflammatory foods can go a long way. How Does Diet Impact Psoriasis? Foods to Eat and Avoid While psoriasis, even scalp psoriasis, is immune system-driven, diet has much to do with how the human body reacts to inflammation and flare-ups. Eating a healthy, balanced psoriasis diet will keep you generally healthy and away from more skin inflammation, so your scalp psoriasis treatment will also work better on you. Some Helpful Food: The right food choices will keep the immune system calm and ease common manifestations of scalp psoriasis, such as itching, redness, and flaking of the scalp. Fatty Fish (Salmon, Mackerel, Sardines): High in omega-3 fatty acids that counter inflammation. Colorful Fruits and Vegetables: Loaded with antioxidants to help in skin repair

Exploring the Normal Eye Pressure Range: What You Need to Know

Book An Appointment Introduction Most of us visit the eye doctor for blurry vision, trouble reading, or the occasional headache. But there’s something your eye doctor checks that often flies under the radar—eye pressure. You may not feel it or notice it changing, but abnormal eye pressure can silently affect your eyesight and even lead to vision loss if left untreated. So, what exactly is the normal eye pressure range, and why does it matter? In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know—from how eye pressure works, to how it’s measured, what influences it, and when it’s time to seek medical attention. What is the Normal Eye Pressure Range? Your eye isn’t just a passive organ that captures images—it’s filled with fluids that keep it inflated and functioning properly. The pressure created by this internal fluid is called intraocular pressure (IOP), or more simply, eye pressure. The normal eye pressure range typically falls between 10 to 21 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). If your levels fall within this range, that’s usually a good sign that your eyes are healthy. But when eye pressure goes above 21 mmHg, it may indicate a risk for ocular hypertension, which could lead to glaucoma, a serious eye disease. Interestingly, not everyone with elevated pressure develops glaucoma, and some people can have glaucoma even with pressure within the normal range. That’s why regular checkups are so important—they help doctors see the full picture, not just a number. Why Maintaining Normal Eye Pressure Matters You might wonder—if I can’t feel it, is high eye pressure a big deal? The short answer: Yes. Eye pressure directly affects the optic nerve, the vital cable that sends visual signals from your eyes to your brain. When pressure gets too high, it can slowly damage the nerve over time. This damage is often painless and invisible until vision loss occurs—and at that point, it can’t be reversed. Maintaining normal eye pressure levels helps: Protect your optic nerve from long-term damage Reduce the risk of developing glaucoma Keep your vision sharp and clear Prevent future complications, especially as you age Think of it like blood pressure for your eyes. Just as you wouldn’t ignore high blood pressure, you shouldn’t ignore elevated eye pressure either. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Factors That Affect Eye Pressure So, what makes eye pressure rise or fall? Quite a few things. Some you can control—others, not so much. Here are some common factors: Age: Eye pressure can increase as you get older, which is why seniors are more at risk. Genetics: A family history of glaucoma or other eye conditions can make you more likely to develop high eye pressure. Medical conditions: Diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disorders can all play a role. Medications: Steroid-based eye drops, creams, or pills can elevate IOP over time. Eye trauma or surgery: An injury or past eye surgery can interfere with the eye’s ability to drain fluid properly. Lifestyle: Lack of sleep, excessive caffeine, and smoking may also influence pressure levels. It’s also worth noting that your eye pressure isn’t static—it can fluctuate throughout the day. That’s why doctors often want to measure it more than once before making a diagnosis. How is Eye Pressure Measured? Checking your eye pressure is a routine part of a comprehensive eye exam. While it might sound a bit scary, the process is fast, painless, and completely safe. Here are a few common ways doctors measure it: Goldmann Applanation Tonometry This is the gold standard for measuring eye pressure. After numbing your eye with special drops, the doctor uses a tiny instrument to gently flatten a part of your cornea. It only takes a few seconds. Non-Contact Tonometry (The “Air Puff” Test) This is the one most people remember. A quick puff of air is directed at your eye, and the machine reads the pressure based on your eye’s resistance. It’s non-invasive and doesn’t require numbing drops. Tono-Pen and Rebound Tonometry These handheld tools are often used in emergency rooms or at-home settings. They’re helpful for people who may have trouble with the other methods, including young children or those with sensitive eyes. Each of these methods gives a reading of your current eye pressure and helps doctors determine whether your levels fall within the normal eye pressure range or require closer monitoring. When Should You Seek Medical Advice? One of the most challenging things about eye pressure is that you may not feel any symptoms until it’s too late. That’s why many people don’t know they have high pressure until they’ve already lost some vision. Still, there are signs you can watch out for: Symptoms of High Eye Pressure (or related issues): Blurred or hazy vision Eye pain or a heavy feeling in the eyes Halos around lights Headaches near the eyes or temples Sudden loss of vision (a medical emergency) Narrowing of peripheral vision over time   If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s time to schedule an eye exam. Even if you’re symptom-free, regular visits to an eye specialist (optometrist or ophthalmologist) are essential, especially if you have risk factors like age, family history, or chronic illness. For those diagnosed with consistently high eye pressure or glaucoma, treatment might include eye drops, medications, laser treatments, or surgery. The good news? With early detection and proper care, vision loss from high eye pressure can often be prevented. You can read also:- Blood Sugar Level Chart: A Simple Guide to Normal Ranges Conclusion: Protect Your Vision by Staying Informed Your eye pressure might not be something you think about every day, but it should be on your radar. It plays a huge role in maintaining the health of your eyes and your ability to see clearly for years to come. Understanding and monitoring your normal eye pressure range isn’t just for those with eye problems—it’s a proactive step everyone should take. Whether you’re 25 or 65, taking a few minutes a

Understanding Home Cholesterol Testing: Kits, Costs, and What Your Results Mean

Book An Appointment Introduction Cholesterol levels directly affect heart health. Monitoring it will help reduce the chance of cardiovascular diseases, which rank among the top causes of fatalities in the world. The common method of checking cholesterol was to go into a clinic or hospital, draw blood, and have laboratory technicians work on it for several days. Modern technology development has now made it possible to check cholesterol at home. The popularity of home cholesterol kits is rising because of their convenience, privacy, and quick feedback. This article looks at everything you need to know about home cholesterol tests — how they operate, types of kits available, costs, instructions on using them, understanding results, and when to visit your doctor. Therefore, by the end of this article, you will know whether testing at home is for you and how to go about it. What Is Home Cholesterol Testing? Home cholesterol testing is what one would expect: a method to check one’s cholesterol levels without setting foot into a lab or hospital. These tests require a small blood sample customarily drawn from a fingertip prick, after which the results are either processed immediately by the testing kit at home or sent to a laboratory for analysis. The main purpose of these tests is to measure different types of cholesterol and fats present in your blood that have an impact on your heart health: Total cholesterol: The overall amount of cholesterol present in your bloodstream. LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein): Considered “bad cholesterol” because its excess level causes clogging of arteries and increases the risk of heart diseases. HDL cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein): It is considered “good cholesterol” as it helps to clear bad cholesterol from your arteries. Triglycerides: A kind of fat in your blood-high levels may increase the risk of heart problems. Types of Home Cholesterol Test Kits An at-home cholesterol test kit is not a big category and comprises several types, trying to fit all conceivable purposes and budgets. Basic Cholesterol Test Kits: These are the simplest and cheapest kinds of cholesterol tests. Basic test kits normally test just total cholesterol. Essentially, they come with an included lancet-a tiny needle-for you to prick your own finger and test strips to which you apply the blood. After a minute or so, either the strip changes color, or a reading is shown on a tiny device. While these kits give you a quick snapshot, they don’t provide details on LDL, HDL, or triglycerides, which are important to know to get a bit more about your heart health. These kinds of cholesterol kits give you a fast snapshot but do not provide detailed information regarding LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, all of which are necessary for a more complete view of heart health. Full Lipid Panel Kits: More complete, a full lipid panel tests total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Depending on which way you want to go, these kits will use a digital reader for an instant display of results or ask you to send your blood to an outside lab, which then takes a few days to get back to you. This variety is suitable for those needing a larger look into their heart health, particularly if they have risk factors, e.g., family history, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Smart or Digital Cholesterol Test Kits: The newest of home testing technology, smart kits attach to your smartphone by Bluetooth or by a proprietary application. These kits provide a quick set of results and also keep the readings stored digitally, track trends through time, and can even share this data with your health provider directly. Smart kits are quite convenient and keep you aware of your health along the way, making them attractive options for tech-savvy users. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options How Much Do Home Cholesterol Test Kits Cost? There is a wide range in prices in this home cholesterol testing kit market, depending on type and features: Basic kits cost somewhere between ₹500 and ₹1,000. Full lipid panel kits are charged anywhere around ₹1,500 to ₹3,000. In the case of smart kits, these can get pricier because of the added connectivity and app features they carry.   How to Use a Home Cholesterol Test Kit Correctly The accuracy of the results depends greatly on the proper use of the kit. Here are stepwise guidelines: Read Instructions Carefully: No two kits are the same, meaning that you could not afford skipping reading the manuals. Following the best instructions will guarantee the best results. Prepare Your Body: Should fasting be necessary, do not eat or drink anything except water for 9-12 hours before the test to get the correct baseline reading. Clean Your Hands: Wash hands thoroughly before testing in warm water to increase blood flow and reduce contamination possibilities. Finger Prick: Prick the side of your fingertip using the lancet (it is less painful than the pad). Then squeeze it gently until the drop forms. Place Blood Sample on Strip: Cover the strip or cartridge fully, exactly following the instructions. Inadequate or excessive amounts of blood can throw the results off. Wait and Read Results: The appearance of the results takes only a few minutes; depending on the kit, they are either on a digital screen or characterized by a color change on the strip. Record Your Results: Keep a log of your cholesterol readings over time. This helps you and your doctor track any trends and make informed decisions.   Understanding Normal Cholesterol Ranges Knowing what your cholesterol numbers mean is just as important in the test of knowing the test. The general guidelines for adults are as follows: Total cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL is considered desirable. LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol): An optimal range is less than 100 mg/dL. HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol): A level of 60 mg/dL or above affords protection. Triglycerides: Less than 150 mg/dL is deemed normal. You can read also:- Blood Sugar Level Chart: A Simple Guide to Normal

Blood Sugar Level Chart: A Simple Guide to Normal Ranges

Book An Appointment What is Blood Sugar Level? Understanding blood sugar levels is essential in maintaining general health, particularly if one is managing or susceptible to diabetes. A chart of blood sugar levels is a useful tool that can be referred to in recording and measuring blood glucose readings. Today, we shall go through the standard range for blood sugar, the normal blood sugar level for men and women, and a blood sugar level chart according to age. Regardless of whether one is newly diagnosed or is checking into ways to manage health better, this simple guideline will help greatly in making informed lifestyle choices and medical decisions. Why Blood Sugar Levels Vary With Age? Several physiological changes due to aging impact the regulation of blood sugar. These factors play a role in deviating the typical blood sugar range and emphasize why it is so important to refer to a blood sugar level chart by age while making an accurate assessment.  Decreased Insulin Sensitivity: Age lessens the body’s response to insulin, making blood sugar difficult to manage.  Slower Metabolism: The natural decline in the metabolism affects the body’s glucose handling capacity. Muscle Mass Loss: Muscle helps with glucose regulation; thus, the loss of muscle due to aging results in higher blood glucose levels.  Hormonal Changes: Variations in hormone levels, particularly during menopause or andropause, interfere with glucose control.  Low Physical Activity: At a senior age, one tends to remain less physically active, which has a direct impact on the functioning of insulin and glucose uptake. Medications: Medicines used for treating those conditions that occur with age may correlate detrimentally with blood sugar regulation.  Diet and Appetite Changes: There could be indulging in shifts in one’s eating habits due to aging, which would affect the way glucose fluctuates throughout the day. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Blood Sugar Level Chart by Age (Fasting & Post-Meal) Monitoring blood sugar accurately requires understanding what levels are considered normal for your age group. Both fasting (before eating) and post-meal (after eating) glucose levels vary as we age. Below is a general blood sugar level chart by age that highlights the expected blood sugar range for different age groups. This chart helps individuals assess whether their glucose levels fall within the normal blood sugar levels for men and women. Age Group Fasting Blood Sugar (mg/dL) Post-Meal Blood Sugar (mg/dL – 2 hours after eating) Children (6–12) 80–100 100–140 Teens (13–19) 70–100 90–140 Adults (20–59) 70–99 <140 Seniors (60+) 70–110 <180   These values serve as a guideline and may vary slightly depending on individual health conditions. Using a blood sugar levels chart tailored to your age allows for more precise monitoring and better diabetes management or prevention. What Is a Normal Blood Sugar Range? The normal blood sugar range means the healthy level of glucose found in the blood throughout the day. These levels depend on various precipitating factors such as the last time you ate, your age, and your state of health. Determining your normal range helps you to realize when your blood sugar is too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia), which is pretty crucial in preventing long-term health complications. Here is a general guide on normal blood sugar levels for most healthy persons: Fasting (before meals): 70–99 mg/dL Post-meal (1–2 hours after eating): Less than 140 mg/dL Random (any time of day): Usually less than 140 mg/dL HbA1c (average over 2–3 months): Below 5.7%   Symptoms of Abnormal Blood Sugar Levels Various symptoms can present themselves if your blood glucose levels become abnormal. These symptoms should never be ignored. Early recognition of warning signs is crucial for handling the situation. Maintenance of a blood sugar levels chart or blood sugar level chart by age can help you stay within the desired sugar range and be on the safe side of any complications. Here are some common symptoms of abnormal blood sugar levels: High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia): Frequent urination Increased thirst Fatigue or tiredness Blurred vision Headaches Unintended weight loss Slow-healing wounds Dry mouth and skin Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia): Shakiness or trembling Sweating Dizziness or lightheadedness Irritability or mood changes Rapid heartbeat Confusion or difficulty concentrating Hunger Fainting (in severe cases) When Should You Check Blood Sugar Levels? Knowing when to measure your blood sugar is just as important as knowing the numbers. If you check it timely, it will help you to stay within the recommended range of blood sugar, detect any derangements early, and handle the person who has diabetes or others more efficiently. You may use a blood sugar range chart or a blood sugar level chart by age to assist you in understanding what is normal and when action is warranted. The following are the key times when you need to check your blood sugar: Morning fasting: To ascertain what your baseline glucose level is and to appraise regulation during the night. Before eating: To determine if, during the day, your body is actually able to metabolize glucose.  1-2 hours post-meal: To see if blood sugar post-meal is perhaps spiking above the normal or safe postprandial blood sugar level.  Pre and post-exercise: Especially if insulin and certain medications that cause hypoglycemia are in use. At bedtime: To keep watch on blood sugar before going to bed.  In case of symptoms: These may include shakiness, fatigue, frequent urination, or blurred vision, which can point to abnormal levels. When sick or stressed, both will temporarily increase blood sugar, even in non-diabetics. As per your physician’s advice, depending on your age, medical conditions, or treatment. You can read also:- Leukocytes in Urine: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment How to Maintain Normal Sugar Levels at Any Age? Maintaining a normal blood sugar level for men and women is essential for long-term health and well-being, regardless of age. Whether you’re a child, adult, or senior, adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help you stay within the recommended blood sugar range. Referring to a blood sugar

Why Is My Period Late? Signs and Symptoms

Book An Appointment Introduction An unexpected late period can be filled with confusion, worries, and curiosity, especially when one’s menstrual cycle is generally punctual. Pregnancy is most probably the first thought upon; yet, there are many other reasons for a late period that are nonspecific to pregnancy. Knowing the symptoms that arrive before a late period, and hormones linked with late periods, may help you find clarity on what is going on inside your system. In this article, we shall look into some of the common reasons for delayed periods, ways through which an irregular menstrual cycle may influence your health, and the early symptoms that one may spot even before a late period. We shall tackle such key factors and signs that challenge you through stress, lifestyle changes, and physical health concerns. Common Causes of Late Periods Late or missed periods are unsettling for women who follow a normal cycle. The stressful factors might bring alterations in the hormone profile of the woman, thus preventing a timely period. Therefore, knowing about such factors can help in identifying what could be going on and whether one should seek medical attention. Here are a few of the most common reasons for late periods in detail: Stress: High stress levels, emotional or physical, interfere with the hypothalamus, which is set to control your menstrual hormones. This imbalance, triggered by stress, can delay or even skip ovulation, resulting in a late period. Other symptoms before the actual late period may include tiredness, problems sleeping, and mood swings. The causes for delayed periods are related: 1.0.  Hormonal Imbalance: Some common causes of late menstrual signs would be diseases like Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism. Although PCOS causes higher androgen levels that interfere with the regular egg release, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism changes your menstrual cycle by altering your metabolism and hormone production. Weight Changes: Sudden loss of weight, obesity, or eating disorders can influence your body’s estrogen levels. When there is low body fat, there is a decrease in the production of hormones essential for ovulation, while excessive fat may cause excessive estrogen; either of these scenarios will cause menstrual irregularity or late menses.  Excessive Exercise: Rigorous activities could affect hormonal alterations in menstruation, especially seen in athletes or in those who exercise without adequate caloric intake. The body enters an energy-saving mode, and it often results in missed or delayed menstruation.  Illness: Acute illnesses such as flu and more chronic conditions such as diabetes and celiac may affect the menstrual cycle. Often, during an illness, the body can concentrate its energy on the functions deemed essential, and that could possibly perturb the hormone balance and cause late menses. Medication: Some medicines, such as antidepressants, chemotherapy, and hormonal contraceptives, could interfere with the menstrual cycle. For instance, going on birth control pills temporarily messes up our body’s natural hormone rhythm, causing irregular periods. Perimenopause: This is when women approach menopause, and hormone-level fluctuations occur. It heralds an irregularity of periods, with longer or shorter cycles, heavier or lighter flow, and sometimes skipped periods. Travel or Lifestyle Changes: Any sudden change in your daily schedule, such as flying across time zones or taking up night work, can dislocate the internal timetable of one’s body. These alterations can momentarily interfere with the hormonal signals that bring about the menstruation process.  Pregnancy: Pregnancy is among the most common and frequent causes for late periods. In case your periods are late and you have had sex, taking a pregnancy test should be among your first thoughts. Other early signs of pregnancy may include breast tenderness, nausea, tiredness, and sporadic spotting. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Signs And Symptoms Of A Late Period As the missing or late period sets in, some early warning bodily signs can give you a clue that the menstrual cycle is out of sync. These signs will vary with the difficulty behind the late period, but mostly center around hormonal disturbances or interruption of the regular cycle of a woman’s body. A case of recognizing these signs may guide one to separate an occasional late period from an increasingly common situation of irregularity. These common symptoms may appear before the late period: Mild Cramping Without Bleeding: At the time your period is due, you might start to feel menstrual-like cramps, but then suddenly have no bleeding. This may indicate delayed ovulation or early pregnancy. Breast Tenderness or Swelling: Pre-menstrual or early pregnancy changes may make your breasts sore, heavy, or swollen. Fatigue or Low Energy: Feeling very tired may be connected to hormone fluctuations, stress, or pregnancy, which are all potential causes of late periods.  Mood Swings or Irritability: Like PMS, mood swings can arise from hormone imbalance even when the time for your period is late or missed.  Acne or Skin Changes: A sudden outbreak of oily skin could be a good hormonal signal for a late period, especially if you’ve got PCOS.  Bloating or Changes in Digestion: Hormonal changes can sometimes cause bloating, flatulence, or irregular bowel habits. Symptomatic manifestation can erupt irrespective of whether your period is on time or delayed. Headaches or Migraines: Some people experience hormone-related headaches when the estrogen starts dropping in the premenstrual phase. A delay in the period may prolong or escalate the intensity of the symptoms. Change in Vaginal Discharge: An increase in vaginal discharge or a change in its texture (thicker or more slippery) can signal a late or imminent ovulation.  Nausea and Food Sensitivities: Late periods due to pregnancy may be accompanied by nausea, heightened smell sensitivity, and peculiar food cravings or aversions. When to See a Doctor An occasional late period is usually nothing to be concerned about. But when such delays become a pattern or there is the presence of peculiar symptoms, they could point to a medical issue. It is imperative to consult a medical professional if your period comes late or goes for periods without arriving, and unusual symptoms

Leukocytes in Urine: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Book An Appointment Introduction Leukocytes, which commonly refer to white blood cells, play an important role in the body’s immune response. Finding white blood cells in urine indicates that the body may be fighting an infection, whereas other possible underlying health concerns cannot be ruled out. Understanding the causes, recognizing symptoms, and preventive measures are important in managing this condition effectively. This article will discuss the causes of leukocytes in urine, the signs and symptoms of concern, prevention, and treatment options for the maintenance of good urinary health. What Are Leukocytes in Urine? Leukocytes in urine denote pyuria, which implies the presence of white blood cells somewhere along the urinary system. They are vital components of the immune system that play an important role in defense against infectious agents and foreign and harmful organic substances. The presence of leukocytes in the urine normally indicates some form of inflammation, infection, or other abnormalities in the urinary system, which could either include the bladder, kidneys, or urethra. Leukocytes in the urine mean having urine with white blood, which is also called pyuria. These leukocytes are the body’s defense against possible infection by any foreign invader and harmful substances, among others. The presence of leukocytes in urine usually indicates either some type of inflammation, infection, or any other abnormalities concerning the urinary system, which might involve the bladder, kidneys, or urethra. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Causes of Leukocytes in Urine Several types of organisms contaminate leukocytes in the urine, which are caused by different attributions ranging from infections and inflammations at other sub-endpoints in the urinary system. The most commonly cited organisms are: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Bacterial infections in the bladder, urethra, or kidneys are almost always causes for leukocyte presence. Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis): Severe bacterial infections in the kidneys can cause inflamed tissues which, in turn, will count leukocytes in urine. Bladder Infection (Cystitis): Inflammation within the lining of the bladder because of bacterial infection is also a major cause. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections such as chlamydia or gonorrhea can irritate the urinary tract, ultimately resulting in leukocyte accumulation. Kidney Stones: Stones in the urinary tract can irritate tissues and promote infection, resulting in leukocyte presence. Interstitial Cystitis: Chronic bladder inflammation not associated with infection might cause the collection of leukocytes within urine as well. Urinary Tract Obstruction: Obstruction sites like tumors and an enlarged prostate often lead to urine retentions, with an eventual increased risk of infection and a raised number of leukocytes. Vaginal Infections: Sometimes, leukocytes appear in urine samples due to conditions such as bacterial vaginosis. Improper Sample Collection: Contaminants, like the external source of leukocyte presence, introduce errors in uterine washing from improper collection techniques. Symptoms of Leukocytes in Urine Signs of leukocytes in urine usually indicate some kind of infection or inflammation. Specific signs can include: Frequent Urination: The urge to urinate is acute, though the urine amount is small; Burning or Pain: Pain or burning felt while urinating; Cloudy or Malodorous Urine: Urine is cloudy with a strong odor; Pain in the Pelvic or Lower Abdomen: Painful feeling in the lower abdomen or pelvic region; Blood in Urine (Hematuria): Bloodstains may render urine pink, red, or brown; Fever and Chills: Common in severe types of infection like pyelonephritis; Flank or Lower Back Pain: Pain in the lower back, relating to kidney infections; General Fatigue or Weakness: This comes with chronic infections or inflammatory diseases.   You can read also:- 12 Home Remedies for Dandruff and Itchy Scalp That Work Diagnosis of Leukocytes in Urine The examination of leukocytes in urine involves various laboratory tests and assessments to identify the underlying cause. These may include: Urinalysis: A standard urine test that detects leukocytes, bacteria, and other abnormalities. A dipstick test may provide quick results. Microscopic Examination: Urine samples are examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of leukocytes and to identify any other elements, like bacteria or crystals. Urine Culture: This examination detects bacterial infections by identifying the specific bacteria causing the infection and determining the best choice of antibiotics. Blood Tests: Blood tests may be carried out to evaluate kidney function and markers of inflammation and infection. Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be performed to evaluate the urine tract in suspected cases of obstruction, kidney stones, or structural abnormalities. Cystoscopy: In some cases, a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the bladder to examine the lining of the urinary tract for any issues. Treatment Options for Leukocytes in Urine What treatment will be given to leukocytes in urine does depend on what is causing the condition. The common treatment options are: Antibiotics: These will be prescribed for a patient with bacterial infections that include urinary tract infections or also kidney infections to get rid of the infection and reduce the presence of leukocytes. Antiviral or Antifungal Medication: Used when the cause is a viral or fungal infection. Increased Fluid Intake: gets most of the bacteria out of the body by increasing fluid intake, especially water, and maintains urinary tract health. Pain Relievers: Over-the-counter medications may be advised for pain relief and inflammation reduction. Urinary Alkalinizes: Neutralizing acidic urine, these drugs relieve the burning pain accompanying urination. Lifestyle Changes: Proper hygiene, avoidance of irritants, and safe sexual practices will prevent the re-incident of infections. Treatment for the underlying problem: If the patient has conditions such as kidney stones, interstitial cystitis, or urinary tract obstruction, specific treatments such as surgery or special medications should be administered. Probiotics: These may be recommended to establish healthy bacteria in the urinary and digestive tracts, especially post-antibiotic treatments. Prevention Tips for a Healthy Urinary Tract To give preventive measures concerning healthy urinary tract and reduced leukocytes in urine, as follows: Hydrate: Drink sufficient water that eliminates toxins and bacteria. Practice Good Hygiene: Clean the genital area in the right way, especially after toilet use. Urinate after Intercourse: Helps by washing away bacteria that may

Cervical Cerclage: Types, Procedures, Precautions, and Risks

Book An Appointment Introduction The medical procedure that is known as cervical cerclage aims to stop the occurrence of preterm births or miscarriages in women with a condition termed as cervical insufficiency. Such a condition occurs when the cervix can no longer hold a pregnancy, and it may be weak and allow opening too early, before the pregnancy is symptomatically or clinically ready. Cervical cerclage is defined as a procedure to sew the cervix closed to offer added support to the woman and maintain the pregnancy until term. This article explains different types of cervical cerclage procedures, introduces the step-by-step method involved, entails the necessary precautions to ensure a successful outcome, and further discusses the potential risks involved in the process. These aspects are important for future mothers who may have had or may likely need cervical cerclage in their passage toward a safe pregnancy step. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options What is Cervical Cerclage? Cervical cerclage is a surgical intervention that necessitates the stitching of a cervix by strong sutures to provide mechanical support, keeping it from premature dilation during pregnancy. This procedure is commonly recommended for women suffering from cervical incompetence, where cervical shortening or opening occurs too early due to weakened cervical tissues. The procedure reinforces the cervix to effectively minimize the chance of preterm birth or miscarriage by keeping the uterus stable. Who Needs Cervical Cerclage? The use of cervical cerclage is indicated in women at risk for premature dilation of the cervix during pregnancy. Some of the indications for this procedure are: History of Second-Trimester Miscarriages: History of one or more spontaneous abortions due to cervical insufficiency in the past. Previous Preterm Labor: Particularly if this occurred before 34 weeks because of cervical issues. Short Cervix Diagnosis: Diagnosed by ultrasound, generally less than 25mm by the second trimester. Cervical Insufficiency Diagnosis: Weakening of the cervix, which may open early with no contractions. Multiple Pregnancies: Increased risk for cervical weakening in women carrying two or more fetuses. History of Surgical Procedures on the Cervix: Procedures such as cone biopsy or LEEP may lead to cervical weakness.   Types of Cervical Cerclage There are three main types of cervical cerclage procedures, each of which is dependent on the history of the patient and the current condition of the pregnancy: McDonald Cerclage: The most common type, which involves putting a purse-string stitch around the cervix to hold and support it, is often done proximally between twelve and fourteen weeks of pregnancy. Shirodkar Cerclage: In the same way performed as what has been discussed in the McDonald technique, but in this case, the placement of the stitch is much closer to the internal cervical opening to provide much more support. A more complicated surgical procedure may be required. Transabdominal Cerclage (TAC): It is performed through an abdominal incision; this form of surgery is the most needed option for women with very scanty or absolutely no cervix. This is normally done pre-pregnancy or at the beginning of the gestation period and would require delivery through cesarean section. You can read also:- 12 Home Remedies for Dandruff and Itchy Scalp That Work Cervical Cerclage Procedure: Step-by-Step Here is a more elaborate description of the cervical cerclage procedure in the usual sense: Pre-Procedure Evaluation: An ultrasound examination is performed for assessment of the cervical length and any evidence of possible infections and other complications. Blood tests and other routine assessments of the patient are performed to assess her fitness for the procedure. Preparation: The patient receives anesthesia, either spinal, epidural, or general, for comfort. The bladder is emptied, and the vaginal area is cleaned for hygiene purposes. Positioning: The positioning of the patient is lithotomy (with the legs laid out, raised, and separated in stirrups) to allow access to the cervix. Stitching: The surgeon uses heavy sutures to place around the cervix and tighten it, depending on which procedure has been carried out (McDonald, Shirodkar, or TAC). In some instances, additional reinforcement by tucking in the cervical tissue may also be done. Knotting: The suture is tied tightly to prevent the cervix from opening. The knot’s location may vary depending on the procedure. Post-Operative Monitor: The patient is observed for several hours to monitor for uterine contractions, bleeding, or signs of infection. Recovery and Discharge: Most patients are released on the same day or after very brief hospitalizations. Advice on rest and restricted activities was given in the days that followed. Stitch Removal (if needed): Normally, the stitch is going to be taken out at about 36-37 weeks of pregnancy or earlier, depending on the onset of natural labor. When is Cervical Cerclage Removed? Cerclage is often pulled out from about thirty-six to thirty-seven weeks of gestation to facilitate spontaneous physiological delivery. However, cerclage can be taken out earlier in some circumstances, such as: Preterm Labor Signs End: Removal may occur if contractions or signs of early labor develop to avoid complications. Rupture of Membranes: Usually, it’s left to nature; unfortunately, when the bag of waters ruptures earlier, then removal becomes necessary. Infection Manifestations: With conditions like chorioamnionitis, immediate removal of stitches may be warranted. Term of Pregnancy: In uncomplicated cases, it is removed even before delivery to allow normal physiologic opening of the cervix during labor. Potential Risks & Benefits of Cervical Cerclage Cerclage is often pulled out from about thirty-six to thirty-seven weeks of gestation to facilitate spontaneous physiological delivery. However, cerclage can be taken out earlier in some circumstances, sua Benefits: Prevention of Preterm Birth: Helps in preventing premature opening, thus helping in the prevention of premature delivery. Ensures High-Risk Pregnancy Safety: Effective for women with a history of loss in the second trimester or a diagnosed short cervix. Boosts Fetal Survival Rates: The procedure enhances the possibility of carrying the pregnancy to term through the maintenance of cervical strength. Risks: Infection: The procedure can increase the risk for infection in both the uterus and cervix. Bleeding: Some minor bleeding

12 Home Remedies for Dandruff and Itchy Scalp That Work

Book An Appointment Introduction Itchiness of the scalp and dandruff are general issues that happen to everyone at any age, tending to cause them to feel embarrassed and uncomfortable. Dandruff is expressed through yellow or white flakes on the scalp and hair and, sometimes, redness and inflammation. An itchy scalp may occur due to dryness, excessive oil secretion, or fungal infestation. Though these conditions are not typically severe, they can be chronic and infuriating to manage. In this article, we will discuss the signs of dandruff and an itchy scalp, discuss the frequent causes like bad scalp hygiene, skin conditions, and environmental conditions, and look at good home remedies to treat and prevent these problems naturally. You Can Read also:- What is Ovarian Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options Causes of Dandruff & itchy Scalp There is a wide variety of skin, fungal, and lifestyle causes of itchy when associated with dandruff. Here are the top reasons: Malassezia: It is a mature fungal scalp organism that ‘feeds’ off oils present on the scalp when it becomes imbalanced, leading to flaking and itching. Seborrheic Dermatitis causes inflammation in parts of the scalp characterized by its appearance, that is, red, greasy patches with white or yellow scales. It is linked to the exaggerated production of oil and fungal sensitivity. Dry Scalp: A dry scalp is caused by temperature changes, such as in cold weather or harsh chemicals in hair products, resulting in a small amount of white flakes. Excess Oil & Product Buildup: The scalp is a greasy secret, and too much usage of hair products usually blocks the follicles, which causes flaking and itching. Contact Dermatitis: An allergic person’s scalp is red, itchy, and dandy because he uses hair products containing chemical substances. Poor Scalp Hygiene: The longer the space that elapses between washes, the more oiliness, secretion, and dead skin start gathering, thus catering to the pathogens-bacteria and fungi. Stress & Hormone: Stress and hormonal changes would alter oil production and lead to dandruff. Nutritional Deficiencies: Also, lack of zinc and B vitamins or omega-3s tends to increase the severity of flaking and sensitivity of the scalp. Skin Conditions: Psoriasis and eczema are among the conditions that make scabs thick and form swollen, inflamed patches on the human scalp. Other environmental conditions: Extreme weather and pollution can dry or irritate the scalp and enhance the conditions for having dandruff on one’s scalp. 12 Home Remedies for Dandruff These herbal treatments manage dandruff by treating fungal overgrowth, equalizing scalp oils, and curbing inflammation. Each treatment possesses a scientifically established biological action: Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV): ACV is astringent and helps to re-balance the pH of the scalp, rendering it less welcoming to dandruff-inducing fungi such as Malassezia. Combine equal parts ACV and water, apply to the scalp, leave on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse. It works as an antimicrobial, which stops bacterial infection. Tea Tree Oil: Includes terpinen-4-ol, an antifungal and anti-inflammatory compound that suppresses Malassezia growth. Blend a few drops with a carrier oil (coconut/olive oil) and massage into the scalp before shampooing. Helps decrease itchiness and scalp irritation by calming irritated skin. Coconut Oil: This carries lauric acid, a naturally occurring fungicide that suppresses scalp fungus and infection. Warm coconut oil, massage the scalp, sit for 30 minutes, rinse with a mild shampoo. Closely condition the scalp so it doesn’t get dry dandruff. Aloe Vera: Enzymes and polysaccharides within reduce inflammation and assist with the exfoliation of dead skin cells, precluding flake buildup. Leave aloe vera gel on a fresh scalp for 20 minutes before rinsing off. Offers cooling relief, relieving scalp inflammation and itch. Baking Soda: Functions as an all-natural exfoliant, which eliminates dead skin cells and clogged oil and keeps dandruff at bay. Apply a little baking soda to wet hair, massage for a few minutes, and rinse well. Possesses antifungal agents that suppress the growth of Malassezia. Improve your hair and scalp’s health with lemon juice, as it is quite acidic. A little bit of it on your whole scalp gets the pH levels balanced and reduces oiliness, thus making it difficult for fungi to flourish. Apply lemon juice to the scalp by letting it sit there for about 5-10 minutes before rinsing it off. This technique has a natural tendency to lighten hair and largely eliminate product build-up from hair. Yogurt and Probiotics: Really rich in lactic acid and probiotics, too. This healthful blend helps balance out the scalp microbiome and fight fungal overgrowth in the scalp. Spread plain yogurt over your scalp, let it stay for some 20 minutes, and then rinse with lukewarm water. Gives strength to hair follicles, making the hair grow healthily. Neem (Indian Lilac): This is rich in nimbidin and nimbin, both having antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agents, which kill germs causing dandruff. Boil the neem leaves, let them cool down, and apply them as a rinse for your scalp. It calms irritated scalps and cuts down redness. Fenugreek Seeds: Saponins present in fenugreek seeds clean the scalp and eliminate fungal deposits, thus decreasing dandruff. Soak fenugreek seeds overnight, make a paste, apply to the scalp for 30 minutes, and then wash. Fortifies hair roots, avoiding hair fall. Olive Oil: Loosens and softens coarse dandruff flakes, allowing them to be easily washed away. Warm olive oil, massage onto the scalp at bedtime, leave on overnight, and shampoo in the morning. Full of antioxidants that moisturize the scalp and keep it from becoming dry. Green Tea: This has epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which is antifungal and anti-inflammatory, reducing dandruff. Steep green tea, allow it to cool, and use it as a shampoo rinse. Encourages hair growth by enhancing blood flow to the scalp. Honey: A natural humectant that locks in moisture, avoiding scalp dryness causing dandruff. Its antibacterial qualities ensure a healthy scalp. Combine raw honey with warm water, apply to the scalp, leave for 20 minutes, and then rinse. It deeply nourishes, making hair soft and lustrous. You can read